Sunday, 25 November 2018

[Endocrinology] The gonads

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The gonads are reproductive glands which demonstrate sexual dimorphism.

 

The testicles (in males)

Leydig cells

  • Stimulated by: Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Output: Testosterone

Sertoli cells

  • Stimulated by: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
  • Stimulated by: Testosterone
  • Action: Spermatogenesis

 

The ovaries (in females)

Ovarian follicle

  • Stimulated by: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Output: Oestradiol (oestrogen) (during follicular phase)
  • Action: Follicular growth and maturation. 
  • Stimulated by: Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Output: Oestradiol (oestrogen) (during follicular phase)
  • Action: Triggers ovulation. Ovarian follicle becomes a corpus luteum.

Theca cells

  • Stimulated by: Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Output: Testosterone
  • Output: Progesterone

Granulosa cells

  • Stimulated by: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Output: Progesterone
  • Output: Oestradiol (oestrogen)
  • Output: Inhibin A 

Corpus luteum

  • Stimulated by: Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Output: Progesterone

Hormones

  • Stimulated by: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Stimulated by: Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Output: Oestradiol (oestrogen)
  • Output: Testosterone
  • Output: Inhibin
  • Output: Progesterone

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