[Urology] Introduction

Also called genitourinary surgery. 
Urologists specialise in diseases of the urinary tract. This includes the ureters, urinary bladder, urethra and external genitalia.
There is significant overlap with nephrology and genitourinary medicine.
Urologists often specialise in patients of one gender, since the urinary tract is different in males and females.

 

Etymology

Ancient Greek οὖρον (ouron) = urine
Ancient Greek -λογία (logia) = study of

 

Subspecialties

• Urogynaecology
• Andrology 
• Neuro-urology

History taking

 

Physical examination

The examination technique differs depending on gender.

• Male urogential examination
• Female urogenital examination

 

Procedures

 

Common problems:

• Urinary frequency 
• Nocturia
• Urinary incontinence 
• Urinary retention 
• Acute urinary retention 
• Dysuria 
• Haematuria 
• Post micturition dribble  
• Erectile dysfunction 
• Vesical tenesmus
• Dysorgasmia
• Haematospermia 

Male urogenital diseases

Female urogenital diseases

 

Diseases:

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)  
• Prostate cancer
• Urolithiasis 
• Overactive bladder
• Paraphimosis
• Phimosis  
• Hydrocele
• Varicocele
• Urethral stricture 
• Cystocele
• Frenulum breve 
• Penile induration
• Lichen sclerosus
• Balanitis
• Urethritis
• Prostatitis
• Epididymitis
• Orchitis
• Epididymo-orchitis
• Testicular torsion
• Torsion of the appendix testis  
• Priapism
• Fournier gangrene 
• Bladder cancer 
• Testicular cancer