HIV infection

Disease class: Immunologic deficiency syndromes

Pathogen 

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus

 

Transmission

• Sexual intercourse
• Ineffective decontamination of medical or dental equipment 
• Blood transfusion
• Tattooing

 

Symptoms

• Fatigue 
• Pyrexia
• Frequent infections

 

Complications

• Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome : At a severe level of immune system dysfunction, the host develops highly unusual infections. At this point they are diagnosed with AIDS.

 

Management

As of 2019, highly successful HIV therapy is available. With optimal therapy, the life expectancy of a HIV+ patient is now close to the average life expectancy.

 

Prevention

• HIV infection is not a notifiable / reportable illness. This means that new cases do not need to be reported to public health authorities.

 

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) 

HAART administers a combination of different agents with various targets in the viral life cycle.

• Entry inhibitors (fusion inhibitors)
• Maraviroc 
• Enfuvirtide
• Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• Zidovudine
• Didanosine
• Stavudine
• Lamivudine
• Abacavir
• Emtricitabine
• Truvada (emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)
• Tenofovir
• Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• Efavirenz
• Nevirapine
• Etravirine
• Rilpivirine
• Integrase inhibitors
• Dolutegravir
• Elvitegravir
• Raltegravir
• Bictegravir
• Protease inhibitors
• Amprenavir
• Atazanavir
• Darunavir
• Fosamprenavir
• Indinavir
• Lopinavir
• Nelfinavir
• Ritonavir
• Saquinavir
• Tipranavir