Wednesday, 3 July 2019

History of medicine: Edward Jenner

Also known as

  • The father of immunology

 

Life

  • 1749: Born in England, UK.
  • 1792: Earned an MD at the University of St Andrews. 
  • 1796: Performed the first vaccination.
  • 1823: Died in England, UK (aged 73).

 

Great works

  • 1796: Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox

Significance in history 

  • Variolation referred to the deliberate introduction of variola into the body to promote immunity to variola (smallpox viruses). This was less dangerous than a spontaneous smallpox infection, but more dangerous than cowpox infection.
  • Jenner noticed that milkmaids and farmers had lower rates of smallpox.
  • He hypothesised that inoculation with cowpox virus could act provide the benefits of variolation: immunity against the more destructive smallpox viruses.
  • He innoculated patients with cowpox pus then variolated them. No disease followed.
  • The terms "vaccine" and "vaccination" are derived from his phrase "variolae vaccinae" (smallpox of the cow).
  • His work has saved more human lives than any individual in history.

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