Thursday, 15 November 2018

Anaphylactic shock

Also known as anaphylaxis.

This is a type of distributive shock caused by an allergic (type 1 hypersensitivity) reaction. Huge amounts of fluid leave the vasculature and enter tissues spaces throughout the body.

There is a significant reduction in the volume of blood circulating around the cardiovascular system. The blood pressure falls and and the pulse rate will often increase to compensate.

In distributive shock, fluid is lost from the circulatory system, but it remains inside the body.

Causes

  • Common food allergens
  • Prescribed drugs
  • Insect stings 
  • Lupin
  • Natural Rubber Latex (NRL)
  • Flour contaminated by mites
  • The oleosins in sesame
  • Exercise induced anaphylaxis (EIA)
  • Cold induced urticaria / anaphylaxis 
  • Delayed allergy to red meat
  • Idiopathic anaphylaxis  

Management 

  1. Call for help
  2. ABCD assessment
  3. Intramuscular epinephrine (adrenaline)
    • For adults: 500 micrograms IM (0.5 mL)
    • For 6-12 year olds: 300 micrograms IM (0.3 mL)
    • For under 6 year olds: 150 micrograms IM (0.15 mL)

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