Extravasation injury

This refers to the escape of exogenous substances from the vacular system (vasation) into the surrounding tissues (extravascular tissues).
Depending on the substance and the size of the leak, this can be mild, or it can be a surgical emergency.

Symptoms

• Change in flow rate of infusion
• Pain near infusion site
• Erythema near infusion site
• Oedema near infusion site
• Blistering near infusion site

 

Causes of severe injuries

• Cytotoxic medications
• Calcium solutions

Complications

• Destruction of blood vessels 
• Necrosis
• Disfigurement 
• Permanent neurological injury

Management 

• The first logical step is to stop any infusion at the site.
• Urgent plastic surgical involvement may be necessary