OAS1

Also known as

• 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1

 

Laconic summary

• OAS1 is an enzyme. It promotes RNA degradation, to suppress viral infection.

 

Physiology

Upstream events:

• Expression of the OAS1 protein is induced by interferon signalling.
  
• OAS1 is activated by double-stranded RNA.
  

 

Molecular actions

• Activation of enzymes called RNASELs (latent ribonucleases).

 

Downstream outcomes:

• Degradation of host RNA within the cell. (Unavoidable consequence).
• Degradation of viral RNA within the cell. (Antiviral defence).
• Suppression of host protein synthesis. (Unavoidable consequence).
  
• Suppression of viral protein synthesis. (Antiviral defence).
  
• Suppression of viral RNA replication. (Antiviral defence).

 

Biological functions

• Suppression of viral replication.
  

 

Clinical significance

Disorders associated with OAS1 variants include:

• Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
• Pathophysiology 
• Herpes simplex infection
• Yellow fever
• Infantile-onset pulmonary alveolar proteinosis hypogammaglobulinaemia
• Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with hypogammaglobulinaemia
• Microphthalmia with limb anomalies

 

Protein profile

• Size (amino acids) = 400
  
• Molecular mass (Daltons) = 46,029
  
• Quaternary structure: Monomer. Homotetramer.
• Protein family = Enzyme. 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase.

 

Genetic profile

• Species: Human
• Chromosome: 12
• Band: 12q24.13
• Starts at base pair: 112,906,783
• Ends at base pair: 112,933,222
  
• Sequence length (base pairs): 26,439

 

See also

• genecards.org
• Interferon