[Otorhinolaryngology] Introduction

This field is often called ENT: ear / nose / throat surgery.
Otorhinolaryngologists specialise in diseases of the ears, nose, and throat.
There is significant overlap with the field of neurology.

 

Etymology

Ancient Greek ὠτ- (ōt-) = ear
Ancient Greek ῥινός (rhinós) = nose
Ancient Greek λάρυγξ (lárunx)  = throat

Ancient Greek λογία (logia) = study

 

Subspecialties

• Otology
• Rhinology and Sinus Surgery
• Laryngology and Voice Disorders  
• Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology*
• Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery*  
• Sleep Medicine*
• Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery 

 

History taking

 

Physical examination

• Ear examination and otoscopy
• Nasal examination 
• Throat examination
• Neck lump examination

 

Procedures:

• Tonsillectomy
• Myringotomy and tympanostomy
• Mastoidectomy
• Cochlear implant

 

Otorhinolaryngologic diseases

 

Diseases:

• Presbycusis
• Chronic otitis media
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
• Vestibular neuritis (labyrinthitis)
• Idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops (Ménière's disease)
• Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
• Vocal fold cyst 
• Vocal fold nodule
• Deviated nasal septum
• Sleep apnea
• Epistaxis 
• Laryngomalacia
• Laryngotracheal stenosis 
• Laryngeal papillomatosis
• Cholesteatoma
• Cleft lip and cleft palate
• Vestibular schwannoma
• Mastoiditis