[Paediatrics] Introduction

Paediatricians specialise in diseases of infants, children and adolescents.
There is significant overlap with medical genetics. Medical toxicology often involves paediatric patients. Most medical and surgical specialists can subspecialise in paediatrics.

 

Etymology

Ancient Greek παιδίον (paidion) = child
Ancient Greek ιατρός (iatros) = healer

Subspecialties

• Neonatology 
• Hebiatrics (adolescent medicine)
• Paediatric psychiatry (child psychiatry) 
• Paediatric oncology
• Paediatric cardiology
• Paediatric endocrinology

 

History taking

 

Physical examination

 

Common presentations:

• Faltering weight (failure to thrive)

 

Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal diseases and abnormalities

 

Diseases:

• Varicella 
• Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
• Bronchiolitis
• Epiglottitis
• Asthma
• Type 1 diabetes
• Congenital heart disease
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Transposition of the great vessels
• Lactose intolerance 
• Foreign body aspiration
• Foreign body ingestion
• Poisoning
• Nocturnal enuresis
• Down syndrome
• Intussusception
• Meckel's diverticulum
• Pyloric stenosis
• Duodenal atresia
• Hirschsprung's disease
• Laryngomalacia
• Laryngotracheal stenosis 
• Laryngeal papillomatosis 
• Turner syndrome
• Angelman syndrome
• Kallmann syndrome