Idiopathic hypersomnolence

Disease class: Disorders of excessive somnolence

Obstructive sleep apnoea

Disease class: Sleep apnoea syndromes
Surgical specialty: Otorhinolaryngology

Central sleep apnoea

Disease class: Sleep apnoea syndromes
Medical specialty: Neurology
Surgical specialty: Neurosurgery

Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia

Disease class: Parasomnias

Sleep-Wake transition disorders

Disease class: Parasomnias

Exploding head syndrome

Disease class: Parasomnias

Despite the dramatic name, this syndrome actually describes the perception of an intensely loud sound without any physical source. It occurs during sleep; usually while transitioning into sleep or waking.

Aetiology

The cause is unknown, but the perceived sound appears likely to originate in the central nervous system.

Sleep apnoea syndromes

Disease class: Apnoea

Disease class: sleep disorders, Intrinsic

Subtypes

• sleep apnoea, Central
• sleep apnoea, Obstructive

Disorders of excessive somnolence

Disease class: sleep disorders, Intrinsic

Types

• hypersomnolence, Idiopathic
• Kleine-Levin syndrome
• Narcolepsy 

Intrinsic sleep disorders

Disease class: Dyssomnias

 Types

• Disorders of excessive somnolence
• Periodic limb movement disorder
• Restless legs syndrome
• Sleep apnoea syndromes
• Sleep initiation and maintenance disorders

Sleep deprivation

Disease class: Dyssomnias

 

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders

Disease class: Chronobiology disorders

Disease class: Dyssomnias

Types

• Jet lag syndrome

Sleep bruxism

Disease class: Parasomnias

This is a syndrome characterised by bruxism (jaw clenching, teeth grinding) during sleep.

Periodic limb movement disorder

Disease class: Parasomnias

Also known as

• (Formerly) Nocturnal myoclonus syndrome

Night terrors

Disease class: Sleep arousal disorders

Somnambulism

Disease class: Sleep arousal disorders

Also known as

• Sleepwalking

Sleep arousal disorders

Disease class: Parasomnias

Types

• Night terrors
• Somnambulism

Parasomnias

Disease class: Sleep wake disorders

Subtypes

• Exploding head syndrome 
• Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia 
• Periodic limb movement disorder
• REM sleep parasomnias
• Restless legs syndrome
• Sleep arousal disorders
• Sleep bruxism
• Sleep-Wake transition disorders

Dyssomnias

Disease class: Sleep wake disorders

Subtypes

• Sleep deprivation
• sleep disorders, Circadian rhythm
• sleep disorders, Intrinsic

REM sleep parasomnias

Disease class: Parasomnias

 

Restless legs syndrome

Disease class: Nervous system diseases
Disease class: Parasomnias

Also known as

• Willis–Ekbom disease (WED)
• Wittmaack–Ekbom syndrome

 

Epidemiology

• Frequency: 2.5–15% of the population