Showing posts with label dentistry. Show all posts
Showing posts with label dentistry. Show all posts

Wednesday, 3 July 2019

Leukoplakia

Disease class: Precancerous conditions

Definition

White plaques of questionable risk having excluded (other) known diseases or disorders that carry no increased risk for cancer.

 

Features

  • Firmly attached to an underlying mucous membrane. 
  • Associated with a significant risk of malignant transformation.
  • White or grey coloured.
  • Flat.

 

Etymology

  • leuko- = white
  • -plakia  = plate  

 

Risk factors

  • Tobacco smoking  
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • HIV infection / AIDS

Tuesday, 2 July 2019

[Dentistry] Introduction

Dentists specialise in diseases of the teeth, gums, and jaws.
There is significant overlap with maxillofacial surgery and otorhinolaryngology.

 

Etymology

Latin dēns, dentis = tooth
Latin -ista, -istae = -ist; one who practises or believes.

 

Stomatognathic diseases

 

Relevant diseases:

  •  Impaction
    • Wisdom teeth impaction
  • Pericoronitis
  • Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
  • Tooth decay (dental caries)
  • Dental abscess 
  • Tooth injuries
  • Prognathism
  • Cleft lip and cleft palate
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Osteonecrosis of the jaw 
  • Ludwig's angina

Wednesday, 12 June 2019

Sleep bruxism

Disease class: Parasomnias

This is a syndrome characterised by bruxism (jaw clenching, teeth grinding) during sleep.

Tuesday, 19 March 2019

Wednesday, 6 March 2019

Lemierre's syndrome

Disease class: Pharyngeal diseases

Also known as

  • Septic phlebitis of the internal jugular vein
  • Postanginal sepsis secondary to oropharyngeal infection
  • Postanginal shock including sepsis
  • Lemierre's disease
  • Human necrobacillosis

 

Pathogens

 

Ankyloglossia

Disease class: Stomatognathic diseases

Also known as

Tongue tie

A congenital deformity in which the tongue is connected to the floor of the oral cavity by an unusually short lingual frenulum. The tongue range of motion is reduced.

Management

  • Lingual frenectomy
  • Lingual frenuloplasty

Temporomandibular joint disorders

Disease class: Joint diseases
Disease class: Stomatognathic diseases

Types 

Tuesday, 12 February 2019

Secondary headache disorders

This is a category of headache disorder.
A headache can be secondary to various pathologies, both inside the head, and outside the head. The pain is a useful warning sign, heralding a potentially harmful pathology. Correction of the cause would alleviate the pain signals.

The pain is a useful warning sign, heralding a potentially harmful pathology. Correction of the cause would alleviate the pain signals.

The most common type of secondary headache is medication overuse headache.

 

Types

Headache attributed to trauma or injury to the head and/or neck

  • Acute headache secondary to traumatic head injury
  • Persistent headache secondary to traumatic head injury
  • Acute headache secondary to whiplash
  • Persistent headache secondary to whiplash
  • Acute headache secondary to craniotomy
  • Persistent headache secondary to craniotomy

Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder

  • Cerebral ischaemic event
  • Non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage
  • Unruptured vascular malformation

Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder

  • Increased CSF pressure
  • Low CSF pressure

Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal

Headache attributed to infection

  • Intracranial infection
  • Systemic infection

Headache attributed to disorder of homoeostasis

Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structure

Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder

  • Somatisation disorder
  • Psychotic disorder

Saturday, 9 February 2019

Ludwig’s angina

Disease class: Infection
Disease class: Mouth diseases

This refers to a type of cellulitis affecting the floor of the mouth.
This is a surgical emergency.

 

Etymology


From the Greek word ankhone = choke
From the Latin word angere = strangle

Angina refers to a feeling of strangling and choking.
In severe Ludwig's angina there is signficiant airway obstruction.

 

Causes

  • Dental infections (75% to 90%)

Thursday, 24 January 2019

Halitosis

Definition

Bad breath.
Source: Black's Medical Dictionary (42nd ed, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-0419-4)