Chancroid

Disease class: Bacterial infection

Pathogen

• Haemophilus ducreyi

Orchitis

Disease class: Testicular diseases

Varicocele

Disease class: Vascular diseases

Signs

• Testicular lumps

Prostatitis

Disease class: Prostatic diseases

Hypospadias

Disease class: Penile diseases

Definition

• This refers to the development of the urethral opening at an abnormal location along the male genitalia.

 

Epidemiology

• Occurs in one in 250 males.

Epispadias

Disease class: Urethral diseases

Penile induration

Disease class: Connective tissue diseases

Disease class: Penile diseases

 

Also known as

• Peyronie disease 

 

Definition

• This refers to a progressive thickening of the tissues along the penile shaft, causing contraction and curvature towards the affected area. There is often pain associated with the lesion.

 

Management

Conservative

Minimise any sources of penile trauma

 

Surgical

Aims to correct deformity and restore function.
May cause reduction in penile length or cause chronic pain.

 

Medical 

Injections
Vibration therapy

Disorders of sex development

Disease class: Gonadal disorders

 

Herpes genitalis

Disease class: Herpes simplex 
Disease class: Male genital diseases

Pathogen: Herpes simplex virus

Hydrocele

Priapism

Disease class: Penile diseases

This is an emergency presentation of a painful prolonged erection (many hours without flaccidity).

 

Complications

• Neurovascular damage
• Necrosis
• Amputation (penectomy)

Testicular torsion

The testicles are vulnerable to strangulation by twisting of the spermatic cord.
This is a surgical emergency.

Transurethral resection of the prostate

Also known as TURP.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Disease class: Prostatic diseases

Also known as 

BPH.

 

Symptoms

• Urinary frequency 
• Nocturia
• Urinary incontinence
• Post micturition dribble  
• Vesical tenesmus 

 

Complications

• Urinary retention 
• Acute urinary retention  
• Acute kidney injury

 

Management

• Alpha-blockers
• 5α-reductase inhibitors

Prostate adenocarcinoma

This is the most frequent prostate cancer (over 99% of cases).

Dysuria

Definition

Difficulty or pain on urination.
A burning feeling is common and relief is achieved by treating the underlying cause.

Source: Black's Medical Dictionary (42nd ed, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-0419-4)  

Phimosis

Disease class: Penile diseases

This is a condition in which the foreskin of the penis is covering the glans and cannot be retracted towards the body. 

It is normal to be unable to retract the foreskin up to the age of 16, after which 99% of males are able to fully expose the glans.

Management

Non-surgical

• Application of topical steroid creams
• Manual (gradual) stretching of the foreskin

Surgical

• Preputioplasty
• Superincision
• Circumcision (becoming less favoured) 

 

Compare with

• Paraphimosis (the foreskin has been retracted to expose the glans, but cannot return to the original position)

Erectile dysfunction

Risk factors

• Diabetes mellitus

Seminoma

This is a type of testicular cancer.
40 to 45% of testicular cancers are seminomas.

Paraphimosis

Disease class: Phimosis

The constriction of the penis by an abnormally tight foreskin which has been retracted behind the glans. The glans is exposed and the foreskin cannot be drawn back over it.

Causes

Iatrogenic : This may happen after urinary catheterisation, if the foreskin is not drawn back above the glans.

 

Symptoms

• Swelling 
• Severe pain

 

Complications

• Gangrene of the glans

 

Management

• Manual manipulation of the foreskin. An ice pack or a topical local anaesthetic can be applied to the glans. 
• Surgical procedures to release the foreskin.