Hypospadias

Disease class: Penile diseases

Definition

• This refers to the development of the urethral opening at an abnormal location along the male genitalia.

 

Epidemiology

• Occurs in one in 250 males.

Cherubism

Disease class: Jaw diseases [Musculoskeletal diseases]
Disease class: Jaw diseases [Stomatognathic diseases]

Frasier syndrome

Disease class: Chronic kidney failure

Nail-Patella syndrome

Disease class: Joint diseases

Leg length inequality

Disease class:  bone diseases, Developmental

Also known as

• LLI 
• Unequal leg length
• Leg length discrepancy
• LLD

 

Signs

• Abnormal gait
• Obvious assymetry of legs or pelvic tilting due to length inequality
• Measurement of apparent leg length reveals a significant difference between legs
• Measurement of true leg length reveals a significant difference between legs

 

Causes

• Congenital
• Often iatrogenic (e.g. after replacement arthroplasty)

 

Investigations

• X-ray: measurement of bone lengths

Developmental bone diseases

Disease class: Bone diseases

Types

• Acro-osteolysis 
• Basal cell nevus syndrome
• Dwarfism
• Dysostoses
• Funnel chest
• Gigantism
• Leg length inequality
• Marfan syndrome
• Osteochondrodysplasias
• osteolysis, Essential
• Pectus carinatum
• Platybasia
• Proteus syndrome

Penile induration

Disease class: Connective tissue diseases

Disease class: Penile diseases

 

Also known as

• Peyronie disease 

 

Definition

• This refers to a progressive thickening of the tissues along the penile shaft, causing contraction and curvature towards the affected area. There is often pain associated with the lesion.

 

Management

Conservative

Minimise any sources of penile trauma

 

Surgical

Aims to correct deformity and restore function.
May cause reduction in penile length or cause chronic pain.

 

Medical 

Injections
Vibration therapy

Proteus syndrome

Disease class:  bone diseases, Developmental

Cleft lip

Disease class: Lip diseases

Disease class: Mouth abnormalities

Also known as

• Orofacial cleft

Subtypes

• Microform cleft

 

See also

• Cleft palate

Brachydactyly