Retinal degeneration

Disease class: Retinal diseases

Types

• Macular degeneration
• Retinal drusen
• Retinal dystrophies
• Retinoschisis

Intellectual disability

Disease class: Neurobehavioral manifestations

Disease class: Neurodevelopmental disorders

Also known as

• General learning disability
• Mental handicap
• Mental impairment
• Mental retardation
• (Formerly) moronism 
• (Formerly) idiocy
• (Formerly) imbecility 
• (Formerly) feeble-mindedness

Definition: An intelligence quotient (IQ) score lower than 70, and deficits in at least two adaptive behaviours, affecting everyday living.

 

See also

• Cretinism (Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome): associated with intellectual disability.

Brain infarction

Disease class: Brain ischaemia 

 Disease class: Stroke

Types

• Brain stem infarctions
• Cerebral infarction

 

See also

• If an infarction occurs in the heart : Myocardial infarction

Congenital hypothyroidism

Disease class: bone diseases, Endocrine 
Disease class: Dwarfism
Disease class: Hypothyroidism

Also known as 

Cretinism (origin of the insult "cretin")

Cataract

Disease class: Lens diseases

Cerebral palsy

Disease class: brain damage, Chronic

Osteoarthritis

Disease class: Arthritis
Disease class: Rheumatic diseases 

Types

• osteoarthritis, Hip
• osteoarthritis, Knee
• osteoarthritis, Spine

This is a type of arthritis which is not caused by inflammatory processes.

 

Symptoms

• Chronic pain 
• Reduced mobility
• Joint locking
• Joint instability 
• Limited range of movement

 

Signs

• Crepitus
• Bouchard's nodes (proximal IP joint)
• Heberden's nodes (distal IP joint)

 

Investigations

Radiograph imaging

• Joint space narrowing
• Osteophyte development
• Subchondral sclerosis
• Subchondral cyst formation 
• Subluxation

 

Management

• Pain management
• Replacement arthroplasty