Retinal degeneration

Disease class: Retinal diseases

Types

• Macular degeneration
• Retinal drusen
• Retinal dystrophies
• Retinoschisis

Retinal vasculitis

Disease class: Retinal diseases

Disease class: Vasculitis

Keratitis

Disease class: Corneal diseases

 

Iritis

Disease class: Iris diseases 

 

Dacryocystitis

Disease class: Lacrimal apparatus diseases

Scleritis

Disease class: Scleral diseases 

This refers to inflammation of the sclera.

Susac syndrome

Disease class: Cerebrovascular disorders

Disease class: Ear diseases
Disease class: Neurologic manifestations
Disease class: Retinal artery occlusion
Disease class: Vision disorders

 

Blindness

Disease class: Vision disorders

Adie syndrome

Disease class: Autonomic nervous system diseases

Also known as

• Holmes-Adie syndrome

 

Signs and symptoms

• A tonically dilated pupil
• Pupil reacts slowly to light but shows a more definite response to accommodation (i.e., light-near dissociation)

[Ophthalmology] Introduction

This field specialises in diseases of the eyes and related nerves. There is significant overlap with the field of neurology.

 

Subspecialties

• Neuro-ophthalmology
• Paediatric ophthalmology
• Oculoplastic surgery

 

Etymology

Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós) = eye
Ancient Greek λογία (logia) = study

 

History taking

 

Physical examination

 

Eye diseases

 

Diseases:

• Refractive error
• Glaucoma
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Hypertensive retinopathy
• Macular degeneration 
• Uveitis
• Asthenopia
• Dry eye syndromes
• Pterygium
• Keratoconus 
• Corneal Scarring
• Retinitis pigmentosa
• Giant cell arteritis
• Sympathetic ophthalmia 

 

Notable ophthalmologists 

• Marcus Gunn

Von Hippel-Lindau disease

Disease class: Neurocutaneous syndromes

Features

• Renal cell carcinoma
• Retinal cancer

Retinitis

Disease class: Retinal diseases

Conjunctivitis

Disease class: Conjunctival diseases

Retinal detachment

Disease class: Retinal diseases

Retinal artery occlusion

Disease class: Retinal diseases

Causes

• Susac syndrome

Suppurative uveitis

Disease class: Suppuration

Disease class: Uveitis

 

Blepharophimosis

Disease class: Eyelid diseases

Hordeolum

Disease class: Eyelid diseases

Also known as

• Stye (if on the external eyelid)
• Hordeola (plural)

This refers to an acute infection of either the glands of Zeis (external eyelid) or the meibomian glands (internal eyelid). 

 

Causes

• Staphyloccocal infection

Chalazion

Disease class: Eyelid diseases

This refers to a cyst caused by a chronic inflammation or blockage of the meibomian gland, along the rims of the eyelid.

Pinguecula

Disease class: Conjunctival diseases 

 

A pinguecula is a white or yellow bump on the sclera, usually found close to the edge of the cornea. It is a thickening of the conjunctiva. It is a common age-related condition.